What percentage of solar energy reaches the Earth's surface, after accounting for reflection and absorption by the atmosphere?

The correct response highlights that only a small fraction of the solar energy that reaches the outer atmosphere is actually transmitted to the Earth's surface. Specifically, about 1-4% of the solar energy that arrives at the top of the atmosphere makes it through the atmosphere after reflection by clouds, absorption by atmospheric gases, and scattering.

This small percentage is fundamental as it underscores the limited availability of direct solar energy that can be harnessed for various uses such as solar power generation. The majority of solar energy is either reflected back into space or absorbed by the atmosphere, leaving only a small amount available for ecosystems, weather patterns, and human use on the surface.

Understanding this concept is crucial for comprehending the solar energy budget of the Earth and the implications it has on climate and renewable energy practices.