What does zonation refer to in ecology?

Zonation in ecology specifically refers to the spatial arrangement of plant communities and the distribution of various organisms within an ecosystem, influenced by environmental gradients such as temperature, moisture, elevation, and soil type. This concept illustrates how different ecological zones are formed due to these varying environmental conditions, leading to distinct communities that thrive under certain circumstances. For example, you might find different types of vegetation in a coastal area, where saltwater, wind, and sunlight exposure create unique conditions conducive to specific species.

The understanding of zonation helps ecologists comprehend biodiversity patterns and ecosystem dynamics, as it provides insight into how organisms interact with their habitats. This concept is essential in studying ecosystems like coral reefs, forests, and tundras, where zonation can significantly affect species distribution and community structure.