What does genetic diversity refer to?

Genetic diversity refers specifically to the variety of genetic characteristics found within a particular population. This diversity is crucial for the adaptability and survival of species, as it allows populations to withstand environmental changes, disease, and other pressures. High genetic diversity increases the chances of some individuals within a population possessing traits that enable them to thrive and reproduce under varying conditions, thus ensuring the long-term viability of the population.

The other options misrepresent what genetic diversity encapsulates. The total number of species in a habitat relates more to biodiversity, while species richness measures the number of different species present without regard to genetic information. The number of different habitats in a biome pertains to habitat diversity rather than the genetic variation within species. Therefore, the focus on the variety of genetic characteristics in a population accurately captures the essence of genetic diversity.