In the Gaia hypothesis, the Earth is compared to which of the following?

The Gaia hypothesis, proposed by James Lovelock, posits that the Earth and its biological systems behave as a single, self-regulating entity. This perspective likens the planet to a living organism, where various components—including the atmosphere, oceans, land, and all forms of life—interact to maintain conditions that are conducive to life.

In this view, Earth’s biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and the regulation of atmospheric gases by living organisms, play a crucial role in preserving a stable environment, similar to how the organs and systems of a living organism work together to sustain life. The idea emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of life forms and their physical environment, suggesting that life on Earth collectively influences and regulates the planetary conditions.

While some choices present alternative viewpoints about Earth, they do not encapsulate the core tenet of the Gaia hypothesis as effectively. Concepts like machines, complex ecosystems, or geological entities do not convey the idea of a self-regulating, synergistic living system in the same way that comparing Earth to a living organism does.