How is energy primarily stored in the Arctic Tundra ecosystem?

In the Arctic Tundra ecosystem, energy is primarily stored as dead organic material. This is largely due to the unique characteristics of the tundra environment, where the cold climate and short growing seasons limit the availability of biomass and influence the decomposition rates of organic matter. When plant material dies, it becomes part of the organic layer in the soil, which is rich in carbon.

Decomposition in the tundra is slow because of the cold temperatures, allowing significant amounts of dead plant material to accumulate over time. This accumulation of dead organic material acts as a significant energy store, contributing to the overall energy balance of the ecosystem.

In contrast, living plant structures and animal biomass play a less significant role in energy storage in the tundra due to the harsh environmental conditions that limit growth and reproduction. Mineral deposits do not store energy in the same way organic materials do, as they do not come from biological systems and do not contribute to the energy flow within the ecosystem. Consequently, the correct response highlights the vital role of dead organic material in storing energy in the Arctic Tundra.